BRAFV600E, the most common BRAF mutation, can be detected in a variety of malignancies. These include several rare cancer types, such as adenocarcinomas of the small intestine (ASI), anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), biliary tract cancers (BTC), gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST), hairy cell leukaemia (HCL), high-grade gliomas (HGG), low-grade gliomas (LGG) and multiple myeloma (MM). Now, data from the phase II ROAR basket trial demonstrate that the combination of the RAF inhibitor dabrafenib and the MEK inhibitor trametinib has promising activity in several rare cancer types.